Planet stronghold: colonial defense mac os. Mac OS – Complete History of Mac OS
On January 24, 1984, Apple Computer Inc.'s chairman Steve Jobs took to the stage of the Apple's annual shareholders meeting in Cupertino, to show off the very first Macintosh personal computer in a live demonstration. Macintosh 128 came bundled with what was later called the Mac OS, but then known simply as the System Software (or System).
The original System Software was partially based on the Lisa OS, previously released by Apple for the Lisa computer in 1983, and both OS were directly inspired by Xerox Alto. It is known, that Steve Jobs and a number of Apple engineers visited Xerox PARC (in exchange for Apple stock options) in December 1979, to see Alto's WYSIWYG concept and the mouse-driven graphical user interface, three months after the Lisa and Macintosh projects had begun. The final Lisa and Macintosh operating systems upgraded the concepts of Xerox Alto with menubars, pop-up menus and drag and drop action.
The primary software architect of the Mac OS was Andy Hertzfeld (see the lower photo, he is standing in the middle). He coded much of the original Mac ROM, the kernel, the Macintosh Toolbox and some of the desktop accessories. Polygon flight mac os. The icons of the operating system were designed by Susan Kare (the only woman in the lower photo). Macintosh system utilities and Macintosh Finder were coded by Bruce Horn and Steve Capps. Bill Atkinson (the man with the moustache in the lower photo) was creator of the ground-breaking MacPaint application, as well as QuickDraw, the fundamental toolbox that the Mac used for graphics. Atkinson also designed and implemented HyperCard, the first popular hypermedia system.
Apple Macintosh design team with Andy Hertzfeld,
Just like his direct rival, the IBM PC, Mac used a system ROM for the key OS code. However, IBM PC used only 8 kB of ROM for its power-on self-test (POST) and basic input/output system (BIOS), while the Mac ROM was significantly larger (64 kB), because it contained both low-level and high-level code. The low-level code was for hardware initialization, diagnostics, drivers, etc. The higher-level Toolbox was a collection of software routines meant for use by applications, quite like a shared library. Toolbox functionality included the following: management of dialog boxes; fonts, icons, pull-down menus, scroll bars, and windows; event handling; text entry and editing; arithmetic and logical operations.
If anyone knows a good virtual machine that a) works on mac (os catalina, 10.15.6) and b) can run rpgmaker 2003, please please, god, tell me 2 notes Aug 14th, 2020 Open in app. GarageBand is a fully equipped music creation studio right inside your Mac — with a complete sound library that includes instruments, presets for guitar and voice, and an incredible selection of session drummers and percussionists.
The first version of the Mac OS (the System Software, which resided on a single 400KB floppy disk) was easily distinguished between other operating systems then because it does not use a command line interface—it was one of the first operating systems to use an entirely graphical user interface or GUI. Additional to the ROM and system kernel is the Finder, an application used for file management, which also displays the Desktop. The two files were contained in a folder labeled System Folder, which contained other resource files, like a printer driver, needed to interact with the System Software.
The first Mac OS Control Panel and other applications
The first releases were single-user, single-tasking (only run one application at a time), though special application shells such could work around this to some extent. They used a flat file system called Macintosh File System (MFS), all files were stored in a single directory. The Finder provided virtual folders that could be used to organize files in a hierarchical view with nested folders, but these were not visible from any other application and did not actually exist in the file system.
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The Macintosh, or Mac, is a series of several lines of personal computers, manufactured by Apple Inc. The first Macintosh was introduced on January 24, 1984, by Steve Jobs and it was the first commercially successful personal computer to feature two known, but still unpopular features—the mouse and the graphical user interface, rather than the command-line interface of its predecessors.
Production of the Mac is based on a vertical integration model in that Apple facilitates all aspects of its hardware and creates its own operating system (called System Software, later renamed to Mac OS, see the lower image) that is pre-installed on all Mac computers. This is in contrast to most IBM PC compatibles, where multiple sellers create hardware intended to run another company's operating software. Apple exclusively produces Mac hardware, choosing internal systems, designs, and prices. Apple also develops the operating system for the Mac. The modern Mac, like other personal computers, is capable of running alternative operating systems such as Linux, FreeBSD, and, in the case of Intel-based Macs, Microsoft Windows. However, Apple does not license Mac OS X for use on non-Apple computers.
The Beginning of Macintosh Computers
The Macintosh project started in the late 1970s with Jef Raskin (1943–2005) (see the nearby image), an Apple employee, who envisioned an easy-to-use, low-cost computer for the average consumer. He wanted to name the computer after his favorite type of apple, the McIntosh, but the name had to be changed for legal reasons. In September 1979, Raskin was authorized by the management to start hiring for the project, and he began to look for an engineer who could put together a prototype. Bill Atkinson, a member of Apple's Lisa team (which was developing a similar but higher-end computer), introduced him to Burrell Smith, a service technician who had been hired earlier that year. Over the years, Raskin assembled a large development team that designed and built the original Macintosh hardware and software; besides Raskin, Atkinson and Smith, the team included Chris Espinosa, Joanna Hoffman, George Crow, Bruce Horn, Jerry Manock, Susan Kare, Andy Hertzfeld, and Daniel Kottke.
Original Macintosh Specifications
The first Macintosh board, designed by Burrell Smith, had 64 kilobytes (KB) of RAM, used the Motorola 6809E microprocessor, and was capable of supporting a 256×256 pixel black-and-white bitmap display. Bud Tribble, a Macintosh programmer, was interested in running the Lisa's graphical programs on the Macintosh, and asked Smith whether he could incorporate the Lisa's Motorola 68000 microprocessor into the Mac while still keeping the production cost down. By December 1980, Smith had succeeded in designing a board that not only used the 68000, but bumped its speed from 5 to 8 megahertz (MHz); this board also had the capacity to support a 384×256 pixel display.
The first Macintosh board, designed by Burrell Smith, had 64 kilobytes (KB) of RAM, used the Motorola 6809E microprocessor, and was capable of supporting a 256×256 pixel black-and-white bitmap display. Bud Tribble, a Macintosh programmer, was interested in running the Lisa's graphical programs on the Macintosh, and asked Smith whether he could incorporate the Lisa's Motorola 68000 microprocessor into the Mac while still keeping the production cost down. By December 1980, Smith had succeeded in designing a board that not only used the 68000, but bumped its speed from 5 to 8 megahertz (MHz); this board also had the capacity to support a 384×256 pixel display.
Smith's design used fewer RAM chips than the Lisa, which made production of the board significantly more cost-efficient. The final Mac design was self-contained and had the complete QuickDraw picture language and interpreter in 64 Kb of ROM and 128 KB of RAM. Though there were no memory slots, its RAM was expandable to 512 KB by means of soldering sixteen chip sockets to accept 256 Kb RAM chips in place of the factory-installed chips. The final product's screen was a 9-inch, 512×342 pixel monochrome display, exceeding the prototypes.
The Macintosh Catches Steve Jobs' Attention
The design caught the attention of Steve Jobs, co-founder of Apple. Realizing that the Macintosh was more marketable than the Lisa, he began to focus his attention on the project. Raskin finally left the Macintosh project in 1981 over a personality conflict with Jobs, and the final Macintosh design is said to be closer to Jobs' ideas than Raskin's. After hearing of the pioneering GUI technology being developed at Xerox PARC, Jobs had negotiated a visit to see the Xerox Alto computer and Smalltalk development tools in exchange for Apple stock options. The Lisa and Macintosh user interfaces were partially influenced by technology seen at Xerox PARC and were combined with the Macintosh group's own ideas.
The Macintosh 128k (see the lower image) was announced to the press in October 1983 and was introduced in January 1984. It came bundled with two applications designed to show off its interface: MacWrite and MacPaint. Although the Mac garnered an immediate, enthusiastic following, some labeled it a mere 'toy.' Because the machine was entirely designed around the GUI, existing text-mode and command-driven applications had to be redesigned and the programming code rewritten; this was a time consuming task that many software developers chose not to undertake, and resulted in an initial lack of software for the new system. In April 1984 Microsoft's MultiPlan migrated over from MS-DOS, followed by Microsoft Word in January 1985. In 1985, Lotus Software introduced Lotus Jazz after the success of Lotus 1-2-3 for the IBM PC, although it was largely a flop. Apple introduced Macintosh Office the same year with the still-famous 'lemmings' ad.
Apple Macintosh
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Marketing the first Macintosh
For a special post-election edition of Newsweek in November 1984, Apple spent more than $2.5 million to buy all 39 of the advertising pages in the issue. Apple also ran a 'Test Drive a Macintosh' promotion, in which potential buyers with a credit card could take home a Macintosh for 24 hours and return it to a dealer afterwards. https://torrent-pearl.mystrikingly.com/blog/beekeeper-bop-mac-os. While 200000 people participated, dealers disliked the promotion, the supply of computers was insufficient for demand, and many were returned in such a bad shape that they could no longer be sold. This marketing campaign caused CEO John Sculley to raise the price from $1995 to $2495.
Mac Os Versions
Social justice pirates mac os. In 1985, the combination of the Mac, Apple's LaserWriter printer, and Mac-specific software like Boston Software's MacPublisher and Aldus PageMaker enabled users to design, preview, and print page layouts complete with text and graphics, it was an activity to become known as desktop publishing. Initially, desktop publishing was unique to the Macintosh, but eventually became available for IBM PC users as well. Later, applications such as Macromedia FreeHand, QuarkXPress, Adobe Photoshop, and Adobe Illustrator strengthened the Mac's position as a graphics computer and helped to expand the emerging desktop publishing market.
The limitations of the first Mac soon became clear: it had very little memory, even compared with other personal computers in 1984, and could not be expanded easily; and it lacked a hard disk drive or the means to attach one easily. In October 1985, Apple increased the Mac's memory to 512 KB, but it was inconvenient and difficult to expand the memory of a 128 KB Mac. Sethian (itch) mac os. https://bestdup522.weebly.com/never-date-werewolves-mac-os.html. In an attempt to improve connectivity, Apple released the Macintosh Plus on January 10, 1986 for $2600. It offered one megabyte of RAM, expandable to four, and a then-revolutionary SCSI parallel interface, allowing up to seven peripherals—such as hard drives and scanners—to be attached to the machine. Its floppy drive was increased to an 800 KB capacity. The Mac Plus was an immediate success and remained in production, unchanged, until October 15, 1990; on sale for just over four years and ten months, it was the longest-lived Macintosh in Apple's history.
At its introduction, the Macintosh was targeted for two primary markets: knowledge-workers and students. Referring to the telephone as the first desktop appliance, Steve Jobs hoped that the Macintosh would become the second desktop appliance. As Bill Gates stated, To create a new standard takes something that's not just a little bit different. It takes something that's really new, and captures people's imaginations. Macintosh meets that standard.
Through the second half of the 1980s, the company built market share only to see it dissipate in the 1990s as the personal computer market shifted towards IBM PC compatible machines running MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows.
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